In June 2009 the Commercial Law Center and the Academy of Judges of Ukraine held two seminars for judges of commercial courts on the following topics: “Corporate disputes: protecting shareholders’ rights at the commercial courts” and “ Problems in disputes resolution regarding binding relations”. Judges from different regions of Ukraine addressed such issues as: “General  characteristics of private and public joint stock companies in accordance with the Law “On Joint Stock Companies” and their distinction from open and closed joint stock companies”, “Practice of hearing cases on protecting shareholders’ rights at the commercial courts: a comparative aspect”, “Specifics of implementation of the Law “On Joint Stock Companies”, possible problems in its application and registration procedures”, “General provisions on liabilities and on contracts”, “Extra contractual liabilities. Invalidity of legal actions, consequences of invalidity”. The participants contributed to the discussion on the topic: “Consequences of violating obligations. Liability. Ensuring fulfillment of obligations”. Moderators during this discussion were Valentyna Danishevska and Yuriy Popov. Judges-participants of the seminar were handed out state certificates.